CARIBBEAN BLOODS AND CRIPS: CRACK COCAINE AND THE FACILITATION OF THE DEPOLITIZATION AND MILITARIZATION OF THE CARIBBEAN

The photo above is a picture of the front cover of the book by Tewhan “Massacre” Butler, one of the most revered Blood leaders in New York.  At his height Massacre rubbed shoulders with the likes of Suge Knight and other “celebrities”, with Blood affiliations. Massacre commanded street respect, and his street credentials are iron-clad. Yet today he eschews gang life, and proposes a “better way”, for young people.  A true street soldier “preaching”, an anti-gang message? I think many wannabees are still missing his message, or deliberately ignoring it. In the Caribbean the Blood and Crips gang’s name brand have become ubiquitous with the youth imitating their North America cousins, it would be almost hilarious if , children weren’t being slaughtered in their numbers, all for a gang culture that is completely alien to our way of life here in the Caribbean . Dying over “colour’s”, is meaningless in our cultural context, the social interstices that created gang-culture in America i.e. racism, ghettoeization, the prison-industrial complex, white-flight et al have absolutely nothing to do with our Caribbean reality. How then could a malaise like gang culture enter our lexicon and way of life here? Several things brought about the entrance of North American Urban culture here; I will list some of the more important, causative phenomena, which led to the present dilemma. On Sint Martin specifically, particularly in the early 1960’s when the island was opened to tourism from the US. The first tourist’s were typically middle aged Caucasian men, “businessmen” the so called “service-industry”, was created and centered totally around these individual’s vices and the gratification of such. At first attempts were made by certain politicians to induce, coerce and or threaten young local women employed in the “service industry”, to literally “serve”, these so called businessmen sexually. The idea however was quickly abandoned when it became apparent that the local male populace were not willing to stand idly by and watch our women be pimped by anyone. To cater to these Caucasian North American’s sexual lust’s, various houses of prostitution were opened all owned and operated by politicians, women from the Dominican Republic and Colombia were trafficked here to serve as whores and the situation has remained unchanged till this day. Every Casino in the past and some today were either owned outright, or were owned on paper by a “legitimate”, businessman, who was in turn owned by the Italian Mafia. Today the Turkish mafia has replaced the Italians as the preferred owners of most Casino’s on the island. Where no mafia connections can be proven the owners are still persons of dubious character, while others have been and continue to be fugitives from the law in their countries of origin. Casinos’s were and are still used for money laundering purposes. In specifically the former Netherlands Antilles the prostitution culture and the gambling culture contributed to the systemic breakdown of, the traditional “village values”, in the region from the 1960’s, to the 1970’s the islands underwent dramatic social and political event’s that forever transformed the region. The eighties saw the ushering in of the “Crack Era”, by the CIA and the introduction of Crack Cocaine throughout the Caribbean. Since most of the “good jobs”, were all in the “service industry”, a multitude of young men and women were employed in Casino’s, Hotels and Restaurants as “server’s servants”, within said industries, which are not true industries in a strict economic sense. Agriculture in the Netherlands Antilles was eschewed and condemned as were most forms of manual labour, as “beneath locals’”, dignity to perform. The Crack Cocaine poison’s Caribbean sojourn can be traced easily, since Venezuela is close to Aruba and Curacao, and both countries including Sint Martin are trans-shipment routes for drugs headed to North America and Europe. The criminal Oliver North who was exposed as a facilitator of the drug barons who ushered in the “Crack Era”, although North was a patsy for his boss the American government a bit of justice was yet meted out, for the countless lives destroyed by the US government and their drug dealing general’s and proxies. A quote from my book “SHAMANIC ESOTERIC CULTURE AS A GLOBAL VALUE SYSTEM AND ITS ANTITHESIS: APOSTOLIC CULTURE an Anthropological Socio-Political Biblical Study” , is in order here : ““For the better part of a decade, a San Francisco Bay Area drug ring sold tons of cocaine to the Crips and Bloods street gangs of Los Angeles, and funneled millions in drug profits to a Latin American guerrilla army run by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, a Mercury News investigation has found. This drug network opened the first pipeline between Colombia’s cocaine cartels and the black neighborhoods of Los Angeles, a city now known as the crack capital of the world”(see the San Jose Mercury News: “The Dark Alliance The Story behind the crack explosion”.Web was falsely “discredited” in the “corporate media”,the police claimed that he  committed suicide, ( Webb was found dead in his apartment shot twice at point blank range to the head) . However to many people around the world Gary Webb, was a brave hero who sacrificed his life, for the truth. Webb’s story did not end with his death, since others died who dared to continue to expose what he brought to the fore. I will quote from Webb’s highly explosive multipart series in the San Jose Mercury News:“It is one of the most bizarre alliances in modern history: the union of a U.S.-backed army attempting to overthrow a revolutionary socialist government and the Uzi-toting "gangstas'' of Compton and South-Central Los Angeles. The army's financiers -- who met with CIA agents both before and during the time they were selling the drugs in L.A. -- delivered cut-rate cocaine to the gangs through a young South-Central crack dealer named Ricky Donnell Ross. Unaware of his suppliers' military and political connections, "Freeway Rick" -- a dope dealer of mythic proportions in the L.A. drug world -- turned the cocaine powder into crack and wholesaled it to gangs across the country. The cash Ross paid for the cocaine, court records show, was then used to buy weapons and equipment for a guerrilla army named the Fuerza Democratica Nicaraguense (Nicaraguan Democratic Force) or FDN, the largest of several anti-communist commonly called the Contras”. Unaware of his suppliers' military and political connections, "Freeway Rick" -- a dope dealer of mythic proportions in the L.A. drug world -- turned the cocaine powder into crack and wholesaled it to gangs across the country.The cash Ross paid for the cocaine, court records show, was then used to buy weapons and equipment for a guerrilla army named the Fuerza Democratica Nicaraguense (Nicaraguan . Democratic Force) or FDN, the largest of several anti-communist commonly called the Contras.While the FDN's war is barely a memory today, black America is still dealing with its poisonous side effects. Urban neighborhoods are grappling with legions of homeless crack addicts. Thousands of young black men are serving long prison sentences for selling cocaine -- a drug that was virtually unobtainable in black neighborhoods before members of the CIA's army started bringing it into South-Central in the 1980s at bargain-basement prices.And the L.A. gangs, which used their enormous cocaine profits to arm themselves and spread crack across the country, are still thriving, turning entire blocks of major cities into occasional war zones."There is a saying that the ends justify the means,'' former FDN leader and drug dealer Oscar Danilo Blandon Reyes testified during a recent cocaine trafficking trial in San Diego. "And that's what Mr. Bermudez (the CIA agent who commanded the FDN) told us in Honduras, OK? So we started raising money for the Contra revolution.'' Recently declassified reports, federal court testimony, undercover tapes, court records here and abroad and hundreds of hours of interviews over the past 12 months leave no doubt that Blandon was no ordinary drug dealer.Shortly before Blandon -- who had been the drug ring's Southern California distributor -- took the stand in San Diego as a witness for the U.S. Department of Justice, federal prosecutors obtained a court order preventing defense lawyers from delving into his ties to the CIA. The most Blandon would say in court about who called the shots when he sold cocaine for the FDN was that "we received orders from the -- from other people.'' The 5,000-man FDN, records show, was created in mid-1981 when the CIA combined several existing groups of anti-communist exiles into a unified force it hoped would topple the new socialist government of Nicaragua.

Blandon, who began working for the FDN's drug operation in late 1981, testified that the drug ring sold almost a ton of cocaine in the United States that year -- $54 million worth at prevailing wholesale prices. It was not clear how much of the money found its way back to the CIA's army, but Blandon testified that "whatever we were running in L.A., the profit was going to the Contra revolution.''

Back to Sint Martin, the majority of the male Casino workers began seeing a way to make a “quick buck”, in that certain tourist’s typically Caucasian females were willing to buy cocaine to in the 1970’s snort and in the 1980’s the trend was freebasing Crack Cocaine. The Crack Cocaine demon ravaged the region leaving countless devastated families in its wake. Young males and increasingly females could be observed all over the island, particularly at night, with their eyes bulging from their sockets high on Crack Cocaine, they wreaked havoc in the society. The eighties were the first indication that ‘something”, had gone tragically wrong in the Caribbean. The 1990’s saw the proliferation of cable television and ‘music videos”, which espoused and constantly rotated 24 hours a day, scantily clad black women being referred to as hoes by , young black males who claimed to be gangsta’s. The entrance of the urban American gang culture into the Caribbean came as a result of unchecked “development”.

While working for the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), Michael Levine saw firsthand how the CIA and the State Department were protecting the drug trade:

“The Chang Mai factory the CIA prevented me from destroying was the source of massive amounts of heroin being smuggled into the US in the bodies and body bags of GIs killed in Vietnam”.

“My unit, the Hard Narcotics Smuggling Squad, was charged with investigating all heroin and cocaine smuggling through the Port of New York. My unit became involved in investigating every major smuggling operation known to law enforcement. We could not avoid witnessing theCIA protecting major drug dealers. Not a single important source in Southeast Asia was ever indicted by US law enforcement. This was no accident. Case after case was killed by CIA and State Department intervention and there wasn’t a damned thing we could do about it. CIA-owned airlines like Air America were being used to ferry drugs throughout Southeast Asia, allegedly to support our “allies.” CIA banking operations were used to launder drug money”. (pp. 165, 166) (Michael Levine: America’s “War on Drugs”: CIA Recruited Mercaneries and Drug Traffickers).

Today the Latin American and Colombian problem is much more complexed than in the eighties and the effects regionally continue to be devastating. The Colombian government of late has begun to propose a peace plan which has proven to be very lucrative for the narco cartels many of which are ran by the “rebels”. And it is seriously depressing, the fact our utterly corrupt government, aided by its criminal co-conspirators in the mainstream media, pretends as if the CIA doesn’t deal drugs”.DouglasValentine is the author of The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America’s War on Drug’s. In an in depth article on Global Research November 8^th 2014, Douglas Valentine exposed further the “Dark Alliance of the CIA and drugs inc”:“In 1963, FBN Agent Bowman Taylor replaced Sal Vizzini in Bangkok. Taylor was famous for slipping into Laos and making a case on General Vang Pao, commander of the CIA’s private army of indigenous, opium-growing tribesmen”. Bowman told Valentine that:“Yep, I made a case on Vang Pao and was thrown out of the country as a result,” Taylor acknowledged. “The prime minister gave him back his Mercedes Benz and morphine base, and the CIA sent him to Miami for six months to cool his heels. I wrote a report to the Commissioner, but when he confronted the CIA, they said the incident never happened.

“The station chiefs ran things in Southeast Asia,” Taylor stressed, adding that the first secretary at the Vietnamese Embassy in Bangkok had a private airline for smuggling drugs to Saigon, as the CIA was well aware. “I tried to catch him, but there was no assistance. In fact, the CIA actively supported the Thai Border Police, who were involved in trafficking.”

Taylor shrugged. “The CIA would do anything to achieve its goals.”Valentine after giving such damning evidence against the CIA, and by association the US government, would drop a bomb of immense proportions, tacitly implying that one of his informants was murdered: “Which brings me back to Gary Webb. The CIA wasn’t happy that Poe and Young were talking. Poe was told to shut up after his chat with me, and he did. But Young sold his story to a major Hollywood studio for $100,000. And that was unforgivable.

On April Fool’s Day, 2011, Thai police found Bill Young’s corpse. It had been perfectly arranged with a pistol in his one hand and a crucifix in the other. Maybe he was depressed too?”

By de-politicizing the Caribbean region and effectively destroying the Bannana industry regionally and flooding Jamaica with Cocaine, the American government set the stage, with its schizophrenic “foreign policy”,f or the present situation of narco cartel dominance regionally to, manifest and perpetuate itself. The chronic pandemic of murders regionally, is as a direct result, of the presence of large quantities of Cocaine regionally and the easy access to firearms in Caribbean communities, coupled with the frenetic culture of machismo, this is a recipe that spells the downward spiral of civil society regionally, and increasingly the ascendance of the “gun culture” and “gang culture” in the region.  The Caribbean gang culture is transnational, and displays characteristics adopted from North America particularly the US. Most established gangs like those in Jamaica and Trinidad are largely homegrown and display innately local character and patterns of gang culture, however their affiliates and associates consisting largely of a younger generation of gangster,who all readily display a hybrid culture of local as well as American pop-culture induced gang influences. An example is the recent assassination, of a high ranking gang leader at the Hato airport on Curacoa by rival gangsters. The name of one of the gangs involved is No Limit Soldiers, the name is derived from the American rapper Master P’s No Limit Soldiers record label , which was highly popular regionally during its heyday, Master P was a former drug dealer turned record label owner who eventually became a Mogul in the American rap and entertainment industry. Needless to say Master P’s brand of rap was Gangsta Rap. What most regional governments and even the American government is totally unprepared for is the marriage of terrorism, with gang culture as regional gangs increasingly begin to display terrorist characteristics, the question remains from whence comes this influence? There is a heavy jihadi-Islamist presence regionally, who are a geo-political force to be reckoned with as has been proven in this book, the fact that citizens of Trinidad and Tobago are actively waging jihad on behalf of IS in Iraq and Syria. The multi-socio political , socio-cultural implications of a well trained battle hardened, group of terrorists in the Caribbean, have not even been contemplated,much less grasped by the majority of the “leaders”, regionally. The recent move by Jamaica to refuse Yasin Abu Bakr, leader of the radical Sunni Muslim Jihadi group the Jamaat al Muslimeen, entry into Jamaica is a clear indication that he has supporters and sympathizers in Jamaica.  Jamaica is also home to the Muslim cleric Sheik Abdullah Al Faisal, profiled in another chapter of this book. The potential for a regional disruption caused by jihadis and criminal elements exists and the likelihood of it occurring soon is indeed highly plausible as the socio-cultural, political and religious ingredients already exist for such regionally and have been in existence for decades, as this book has proven. The awesome financial interest’s backing the global narcotics trade are strengthened by the military industrial complex, that controls the world’s major drug triangles and Trans shipment routes including the Golden Crescent and the Andean region of South America. As I have indicated previously the global narcotics trade has had a devastating impact, on the Caribbean and the quality of life of its people. The island of Jamaica in particular and its infamous drug gang the Shower Posse, has figured greatly, in the CIA led destabilization of governments, that it considered “anti-American”. Michael Manley a former Jamaican prime minister went on record in denouncing, the CIA “Werewolf” operation against his government. As a means of establishing the Cointelpro i.e. CIA involvement on a massive scale in the internal politicks of Caribbean nation states, the facilitation of the destabilization and invasion by the US military in several Caribbean islands, the deliberate establishment of drug gangs throughout the region by the CIA and or CIA created groups. The statements I make herein are not conspiracy theories by any stretch of the imagination the very elements within the US army and “intelligence” agencies are exposing the internal and nefarious machinations of said agencies as a result I will only paraphrase them in their words and leave the judgements to public opinion.

Bradley Manning now Chelsea, released countless amounts of military evidence to Wiki Leaks about the Middle Eastern wars and more. Edward Snowden formerly a computer specialist with the nefarious CIA and NSA said the following; “I do not want to live in a society that does these sorts of things. I do not want to live in a world where everything I do and say is recorded. My sole motive is to inform the public as to what is done in their name and what is done against them”.Snowden released information to the Gaurdian on several American and British programs that he used to spy on their people. At present we all have learnt from CNN and Aljazeera and the various news outlets that Snowden now resides in Russia.The evidence against the US government and the intelligence apparatus of most governments globally reveals an abysmally invasive and totalitarian approach to “intelligence gathering”, to put it mildly, all this only serves as proof in this author’s mind that the biblical prophecy of a one world government will come to fruition in this 21^st century. But I digress I wish to show the extant of CIA involvement in the Caribbean,  to the detriment of the region and it’s people’s, their culture, governments and quality of life. Using documented proof from various sources and even the CIA and former CIA employees.The Rastafari community in Jamaica specifically in Kingston were increasingly “reasoning along political lines”, favoring a socialist program over the then oligarchic capitalist model.Walter Rodney as I indicated previously was involved in what he termed: (Groundings with my brethren). Rodney before he was barred from reentry into Jamaica met on several occasions with the Rev Claudius Henry a revolutionary who mixed revolutionary rethoric with messianism. I will quote here from:WALTER RODNEY AND BLACK POWER: JAMAICAN INTELLIGENCE AND US DIPLOMACY: Michael O. West. From the AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY & JUSTICE STUDIES: AJCJS; Volume 1, No. 2, November 2005 (ISSN 1554-3897).

In a manifesto issued from Canada Rodney offered this account of his contacts with working class Jamaicans, youth gangs and Rastafari: “I sought them out where they lived, worked, worshipped, and had their recreation,” he explained. “In turn, they ‘checked’ me at work or at home, and together we ‘probed’ here and there, learning to recognise our common humanity. Naturally, they wanted to know what I stood for, what I ‘defended”.

“Some of my most profound experiences,” he confessed in his post-expulsion

Manifesto, “have been the sessions of reasoning or ‘grounding’with black brothers, squatting on an old car tire or a rusty five gallon can.” In a line that would provide the title for a collection of his black power speeches and essays, he continued: “It was

this ‘grounding’ with my black brothers’ that the regime considered sinister and subversive.”  “At some point, I ceased to be ‘Dr Rodney’ and was addressed as ‘Brother Rodney’ or better still ‘Brother Wally.’ That simple change meant that I was no longer a tool of the establishment, but was readmitted into the moral and cultural brotherhood of the Black Man.” Walter Rodney through his “groundings” met Rev Henry and they became friendly with one another, at one point according to various sources Rastafarians were prominent amongst Henry’ followers. West reports that the Jamaican Intelligence community and the US C.I.A. took particular interest in Rodney’s association with Henry. In 1960 Henry staged a rebellion in Jamaica which had devastating results I will recount some of his terrorist activity here (The American writer and Marley biographer Timothy White called Henry “a card carrying ninny”, in his book Catch a Fire), Henry was many things including a radical “preacher” who incited others to violence. What Henry was not, was a ninny, or a fool he was an eccentric character with a dramatic flair and highly dangerous, as the record will prove. Helen Lee did a fair job of documenting some of the infamous exploits of Henry and his son that are worth mentioning here, I will also use material from the paper by Michael O West, previously mentioned. Lee claims in her book that Henry’s son Ronald recruited a gang of youth in the Bronx that he called the First Africa Corps, and that a young policeman of Jamaican origin helped them stage a bank robbery in order to raise funds. Michael West paints a more likely scenario in his paper mentioned previously and I quote:“Henry’s son, who coordinated the uprising, was hastily tried and executed, along with two African American comrades, all three of them former members of the US army”. Lee’ account paints the picture of a group of armed thugs, while the actual operation that was carried out by Ronald and his cohorts, claimed the lives of two British soldiers and three Jamaican “informers”,the operation required skill and training of the type a black man in the early 1960’s could acquire in the US army. Ronald Henry and his cohorts planned to poison the city water supply, but before they could act they were betrayed by a Rasta named Ras Thunder.

Thunder “informed” on the terrorists, and their camp was raided; the attack was led by British military personnel backed by Jamaican military and police. Two soldiers were wounded in the attack and two were killed, while the Rastafari informers were killed by Ronald and his men and buried in shallow graves. On June 27^th, 1960 Ronald and those of his men still living, were captured and hung. What became known as the “Henry Affair” brought political reprisals on Rastafari in general and many of them were mercilessly persecuted as a result of the revolt led by the Henry’s.West reports that: Henry the elder was jailed by the Jamaican authorities and granted an early release in 1966. Henry reorganized his church, changed its name, and moved his base from town to the country. The African Reform Church was renamed, in a twist of irony the New Creation Peacemakers Tabernacle, its headquarters transferred from Kingston to the largely rural parish of Clarendon. Rodney’s now public intelligence file reveals an unrepentant Henry.According to JA Intelligence sources: “Henry resumed his jeremiads against the Jamaican government and claims that, “by 1972 he will overthrow it, by violence if necessary.” Claudius Henry could make such statements in Jamaica in the 60’s, only if he had serious well armed men backing him. Jamaica then was even worse than it is today, as the record has proven time and again, Jamaican police were not and are still not above extrajudicial killings, assinations and coverups (see OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Int American Commission on Human Rights. 

Report on the situation of human rights in Jamaica, Informe sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en Jamaica. v.;cm.(OEA documentos oficiales; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5887‐3 Human rights‐‐Jamaica. 2. Civil rights‐‐Jamaica. I. Title. 

II. Title: Informe sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en Jamaica. III. Series. OAS official records; OEA /Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.144 Doc.12).

Timothy White’ statement about Henry being a “card carrying ninny”, shatters when one takes into account the above mentioned facts and the combustible nature of Jamaican society in the 60’s. The facts that I have thus far presented and the facts that Iam yet to present,  will allow the reader to establish for themselves a timeline that they can conduct further research on in ascertaining, that Jamaican lumpen and criminal elements were used by the CIA and the Jamaican two party system in creating political gangs and drug running possee’s. The ones that benefitted from such a scenario were the political bosses as the black power element, the Marxist element and the progressive politically astute UWI students were all neutralized in one fell swoop, with the introduction of Cocaine into the island of Jamaica.

The Jamaican Cocaine trend heralded a regional trend that has yet to be abated, using the “war on drugs”, as a pretext the US government has continued to meddle in the Caribbean’s political life largely to the detriment of the populace. The American “intelligence”, community, along with their Jamaican counterparts, were becoming increasingly concerned, that Rodney, would achieve his goal of uniting the terrorist Henry, with certain street gangs, and an element of Rastafari, who favored armed insurrection. Rodney though he advocated armed insurrection throughout the Caribbean was certainly not naïve, his rethoric was more grandstanding than actual and it was precisely as a result of his inciendary rethoric , his mass appeal, his powers of persuasion and his ability to unite disparate groups around a central cause that he was targeted for assassination.

Walter Rodney in a Caribbean context impacted its intellectual and political life like no other Caribbean personality before nor after him. It is inconceivable that the likes of Bob Marley and particularly Peter Tosh would not have been influenced by Walter Rodney and his Pan Africanist/Pan Caribbean ideology. Indeed Stephen Davis in his speech inducting Peter Tosh into the Counterculture Hall of Fame: said “Peter Tosh was a revolutionary.When a left-wing man named Walter Rodney came to Jamaica to talk about the philosophy of people like Malcolm X in the late ‘60s, the Jamaican government refused him entry and there were riots in Kingston. And one of the main people involved in them was Peter Tosh himself, who stole a huge kind of Greyhound Bus and drove it through the window of the biggest department store in downtown Kingston. And everyone in the bus from Trench Town looted the store to the ground. And Peter drove them back with everything they had looted to Trench Town that night”. Davis’ account places Tosh directly in the events surrounding the Rodney Affair placing him in the context of one of those looting on a massive scale.It is precisely the type of commentary by Davis that is lacking in the material of too many writers attempting to write about Rastafari in a Caribbean context.Roger inducting

Timothy White called Neville Garrick a disciple of Angela Davis in his book Catch a Fire, how could Angela Davis have had a “discipling” effect on Garrick? When in his native Jamaica, there were men like Claudius Henry, Ras Sam Brown, Walter Rodney and in the wider Caribbean context the Trinidad born, Kwame Toure formerly Stokely Carmicheal a contemporary of Davis and an integral member of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. By ignoring the very serious Black Nationalist activity at the time, writers of the ilk of Lee and White reveal their lack of understanding the cross polinous nature of Caribbean people’s, the tendency of Caribbean people to influence each other, through migration and intermarriage. Just as Rastafari influenced intellectuals in the Caribbean the Rastafari were also influenced by the Pan Africanist’s and Marxist’s in the 60’s and 70’s and none were more influential on the level of politicizing the Rastafari than Dr Walter Rodney.

Having established certain neccassary points let us resume our timeline leading up to what was referred to as the “Rodney Affair”. Rodney was introduced to Henry by one Rupert Ahwee a Chinese Jamaican who was a Communist sympathizer. “The intelligence services had “for sometime,” the addendum states, “recommended the deportation of

Rodney because of his subversive activities.”“He has maintained his close association with the Rev. Henry, providing him with a schedule of upcoming events at UWI and agreeing to speak at his churches throughout the island. Rodney, furthermore, also has maintained close contact with black power organizer Dennis Chin, whose efforts were being supported by various and sundry malcontents, such as the Young Socialist League and the Unemployed Workers Council”.“He has been developing a close association with Robert Hill, a left wing extremist and friend of the Cuban Consul.” Hill had launched out on his own politically, and was “in the process of forming a revolutionary movement along Marxist/Leninist lines. He has said that Rodney is a valuable assistant to him and that his removal (i. e. by deportation) would be a serious blow to his movement.”

“Hill, the intelligence addendum asserts, has claimed that he and Rodney provide leadership and encouragement to various subversive groups in Jamaica.” Such joint ventures included “assisting the Dunkirk gang with subversive literature,” notably the

Rastafarian-cum-black-power publications, Black Man Speaks and Our Own, and in attempting to, “establish subversive groups at Cockburn Gardens and Duhaney Park,” two Kingston slums. Additionally, Rodney and Hill are said to have developed new contacts in the parish of St. Ann, birthplace of Marcus Garvey.

“Rodney and Hill had been “in touch with a Dr.Ronald Duncan of Brown’s Town. Duncan is the leader of a semi-defunct subversive movement called the ‘Freedom

Movement’, which in 1967 advocated violent revolution and some members of which were reported to be trained in the use of firearms.” Recently, the intelligence services were “reliably” informed of attempts to revive the group, which had a “hard core

of fifteen members who have considerable local influence.”It is unclear what role, if any, Rodney and Hill played in the reputed revival of the Freedom Movement, or whether they contacted its leader because it was being revived”. The official reason presented by the Jamaican government for their rendering Rodney a “persona non grata”, was an intelligence report which named Rodney as a threat to the tourist economy of the island.

“The day he was banned, the UWI campus erupted; angry students quickly arranged for buses and trucks to take them to the offices of the prime minister and the ministry of

home affairs to protest the following day”. Making their way to the ministry of home affairs the students assembled in a schoolyard across the street. Norman Girvan and Ralph Gonsalves a St Vincintian and later a prime minister of St Vincent were both described as leftists by the CIA. The student protesters were met by riot police and soldiers, who succeeded in dispersing them. The lumpen and criminal elements that attached themselves to the student protest, did not heed the police warnings to disperse, but instead began to throw “missiles”, such as rocks and Molotov cocktails made from soda bottles and gasoline they made their way to the city center and began a campaign of destruction. The rioters singled out international insurance firms and banks; some broke into stores and looted goods, others burnt the foreign owned city busses. Individual Caucasians, foreign and local were attacked; Chinese and Afro-Chinese, Mulatoes and affluent black Jamaicans were also targeted.In the aftermath of the “Rodney Affair”. US officials continued to closely monitor the black power scene in Jamaica and indeed the wider Caribbean particularly Trinidad, Grenada and Guyana. Shortly after the debacle Micheal Manley won the Jamaican elections due largely to his chameleon like pandering to the masses. He claimed to be a black power advocate in an “ideological sense”, but he condemned racist tendencies. He also married a very dark skinned Jamaican which fit perfectly with his “pro black” image (Manley was married four times). “Politically, he “describes himself as a strict anti- Communist. The preceding gives one a glimpse into the actor in Manley, a clever Machiavellian opportunist who pandered to the emotionalism of the uneducated masses and the pseudo Marxist intellectualism of the students and some in educated circles, such as certain professors and skilled laborers, cultural workers and artisans. Manley’s appeal to some elements within Rastafari lay in his carved riding stick, that he claimed was a gift from Haile Sellassie on his trip to Ethiopia, he christened the relic, “The Rod of Correction” and took to putting in appearances in the country side and gullies where the impoverished peasantry lived, relic in hand. Some Rastafari saw his having the “Rod of Correction”, as a divine mandate and supported him, many of the poor and superstitous saw the rod as an omen that Manley was a “savior”, in the manner of the biblical Joshua and they bequeathed the name Joshua to Manley.

Manley in his adaptation of a pseudo-black consciousness had begun, to openly court the Rastafari and intellectuals, in the 70’s he began to publicly associate with Bob Marley.

The shooting, that was carried out at 56 Hope Road, the address of Bob Marley, was a raid according to numerous sources including former CIA: that had the earmarks of definite CIA involvement. Timothy White in his book “Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley”, alledged that former New York City police officers told him personally, that the CIA, had contracted Carl “Byah” Mitchell, (a Seaga goon active in the West Kingston cocaine trade), to plant and instruct the men that led the raid on 56 Hope Road. The involvement of Byah was seen as evidence of a deeply laid CIA/JLP plot, that Micheal Manley had “exposed” in the press (Operation Werewolf a JLP parliamentarian was caught on tape plotting the overthrow of the Manley government).The gunman Timothy White alledged who led the charge on Hope Road was a Seaga loyalist named Lester “Jim Brown” Coke: (father of Christopher Dudus Coke, whose funeral [Lester Coke] the US born Seaga attended), one of the founders of Shower Possee. 

Rastafari vigilantes were alledged by Timothy White to have exacted revenge for the attempt on Marleys life, on the gunmen involved. Don Taylor in his book Marley and Me (published by Barricade Books INC.), claims that a neighbourhood goon squad held court and made him and Marley watch as they executed some of the men involved in the raid on Hope Road. Gary Webb in his book (Dark Alliance) wrote that former CIA station Chief Norman Descoteaux: “began a destabilization program of the Manley government in the late 70s. Part of that plan was assassinations, money for the Jamaican Labour Party, labor unrest, bribery and shipping weapons to Manley’s opponents, like Lester “Jim Brown” Coke”. Author, Daurius Figueira writes in, “Cocaine and Heroin Trafficking in the Caribbean,”“In fact, it meant that illicit drug runners linked to the JLP were integrated into a CIA linked illicit drugs guns and criminal trafficking pipeline.” Former CIA agent, Philip Agee, said “the CIA was using the JLP as its instrument in the campaign against the Michael Manley government, I’d say most of the violence was coming from the JLP, and behind them was the CIA in terms of getting weapons in and getting money in.” In 1995, Philip Agee also warned: “other targets which are coming up all the time in terms of the intelligence community are the rogue states – the so-called rogue states: Iraq, Libya, Iran, North Korea and, for some, Syria” (presently the American president Barack Obama is poised to intervene militarily in Syria and we know that Saddam Hussein was executed by the US Ghaddafi was also defeated with US aid).

A Lester Coke associate and former Shower Possee member Cecil Connor aka Charles “Lil Nut” Taylor claimed the CIA trained him to fight political wars for the JLP through killing and spying. Connor would stuff ballot boxes and intimidate voters to help the JLP win elections. Connor would later testify against Lester Coke and other Shower Possee members in a US court. Connor gained a new identity (Charles Miller), with help from the US government; he entered a witness protection program, then somehow ended up in his native St Kitts. Miller a notorious drug dealer known throughout the English speaking Caribbean was alledged to be currying favor with the Kittitian Prime Minister Denzel Douglas. Miller the CIA assett was the subject of a news article in the Los Angeles Times newspaper that I will qoute here: U.S. Says Trafficker a Former Witness: December 9, 1997; By MARK FINEMAN Los Angeles Times.

BASSETERRE, St. Kitts and Nevis — Back in the heady 70s, when alleged drug Baron Charles “Lil Nut” Miller was living in Jamaica's slums; he was Cecil Connor, a political enforcer.

That was more than a decade before the U.S. government indicted him, then protected him as a federal witness, only to have him emerge nearly a decade later as one of Washington's worst nightmares.

Today, Miller is the target of one of the U.S. Justice Department's most intensive extradition efforts. The two-year court battle in this Caribbean island nation has been made all the more confounding for U.S. law enforcement officials because Miller was once one of theirs.

Now an influential local soft drink and chicken distributor, Miller is cast by U.S. official sources as an ingenious former federal witness-turned-fugitive who has learned the inner workings of U.S. anti-drug intelligence, law enforcement and judiciary.

It was a crash course that climaxed on the witness stand in January 1989 when, at age 28 and testifying for the U.S. government as Connor, he told a Miami federal jury his life's story.

Working for Jamaica's Labor Party in Kingston, he said he had stuffed ballot boxes, intimidated voters, shot a clerk during a robbery and spent years in prison.

He also testified that he escaped the Jamaican prison using political connections in 1983 and came to the United States. He then became a trusted member of a Jamaican drug gang known as the Shower Posse. The gang's trademark was spraying victims with machine-gun fire, often killing and maiming bystanders.

As Connor, he told the jury, he smuggled marijuana and cocaine, attended gangland executions and laundered drug money.

Nine years later, in a criminal case filed in Miami, U.S. prosecutors and anti-drug agents accuse Miller of following the same pattern.

Miller has been indicted on charges of conspiring to use St. Kitts as a staging ground to ship hundreds of pounds of Colombian cocaine to the United States.

Miller said that he has been targeted in a political plot after working for the U.S. government for years.

He would neither confirm nor deny last week that he was once Connor. But U.S. officials said Miller is the man they once used as an informant and witness. And records on file at the legal registry in St. Kitts show that Cecil Connor officially changed his name to Charles Miller in July 1991.

U.S. officials said Miller slipped away from the U.S. federal witness-protection program several years ago.

Details about Miller's years in the Justice Department's witness protection program are, by law, secret. But official documents and court transcripts in New York, Florida, Jamaica and St. Kitts offer details of how he whether as Miller or as Connor apparently played on both sides of the law to become one of the Caribbean's wiliest wanted men.

Transcripts show that when he took the stand in Miami nine years ago, he was one of the government's most valued witnesses.

Connor was the key to dismantling one of the most vicious Jamaican posses, heavily armed drug gangs that U.S. officials blamed for at least 1,000 murders in U.S. cities.

Soon after, Cecil Connor disappeared from public view. Connor conveniently and mysteriously disappeared from public view then reappeared in St Kitts. Connor’s notoriety was great enough to gain him his own spot on the BET show American Gangster, where the host went in depth into his background and his crimes in Jamaica and St Kitts, the power that Miller wielded was unbelieveable even government officials judiciary and police personnel were all alledged to have been in his employ.Thus far we have seen how the US government has held the region in its thrall using criminal elements from within the Caribbean, I have documented for the reader factual evidence that can be used to conduct further research. And now we come to a pivotal point in the Caribbean lest the readers think that the phenomena of Rastafari,politicians and radicals courting each other was unique to Jamaica I can show a regional pattern but I will focus on Grenada and Trinidad.The events were described previously though they might prove a bit burdensome were necessary in establishing the atmosphere that led to the introduction of Cocaine into Jamaica and the wider Caribbean as a neutralizer and a deterrent to revolution and as a means to maintain social control. The political climate in the Caribbean was becoming more volatile and Communism was viewed as a huge threat, particularly with Cuba being a major exporter of Communism throughout the region. In Grenada the Rastafari question had also erupted and was transforming that society. The Rastafari in Grenada had been marginalized for forty years and the “Youth Black Movement” amongst the young Rastafari in Grenada was strong. Horace Cambell in his introduction for: (Rastafari as Pan Africanism in the Caribbean and Africa), did an excellent analysis of the drug trafficking situation regionally. He wrote “The Rasta movement in the Caribbean like most popular movements suffered a severe blow by the reversals in Grenada in 1983”. “The change in the direction of the Grenadian society after 1979 offered new possibilities for the Rastafari movement. That the Rastafari could be organised for collective and alternative forms of power intensified the pressures on Grenada, for, if the other island states in the region could harness the energies of the Rastafari, the Caribbean could be transformed. It was this reality which led to efforts to isolate the Rastafari from progressive ideas”. One of the ways to do this was for transnational capital to tie down young Rastas in the trade of Cannabis (Marijuana), thus diverting their energies. And in the specific case of Grenada, before the invasion, external elements had attempted to use the question of cannabis production to destabilise the Grenadian revolution. Faced with the concrete impact of the potential to mobilise Rastafari and unemployed youth, there was a conscious attempt in the eighties to promote the anti-social and negative features of the Rastafari movement, especially resulting from the position of lumpens who took the physical appearance of Rastafari. This becomes most evident in the violence, guns, Cannabis export and cocaine trade which was becoming the foundation of the island economies”.“Unemployment acted as a social sanction against the poor by depressing wages, but also ensuring that there was a pool of lumpens to act as enforcers or strike-breakers. In this period of the 1970's, lumpen elements found an alliance with capitalists in the USA to export Cannabis to the US mainland. By the end of the seventies the export of Ganja to the USA became the number one cash crop and the big agents made vast profits from this trade”. For additional information, see CRS Report RL33951, U.S. Trade Policy and the Caribbean: From Trade Preferences to Free Trade Agreements, and CRS Report R41215, Latin America and the Caribbean: Illicit Drug Trafficking and U.S. Counterdrug Programs.

Cambell wrote in his analysis about: COCAINE IN THE CARIBBEAN.

The excellent work that writers and researchers like Cambell produced have proven invaluable in thier succinct analysis of the Cocaine, weapons trafficking and recently human trafficking realities in the Caribbean. Reportage of the type described is more valuable than thousands of UN reports that tend to focus more on the presence of Cocaine in the region rather than on the root causes and solutions to the dismal state of affairs. Cambell indicated in his work that the fetishisation of smoking Marijuana by young Rastafari was an aspect of popularization of the movement. He went on extensively into the regional trade and as always Iam wont to include his statements verbatim: “The small trade to provide for urban dwellers in the Caribbean could be distinguished from the multimillion dollar trade which now exists across the Caribbean Sea. The chillum pipe and ganja, which were incorporated as part of the culture, had been superceded by the introduction of cocaine in the Caribbean”.“The cocaine problem of the USA was one of the signposts of the social and cultural crisis in that society. Instead of dealing with the root causes of the crisis which generated the trade and consumption of cocaine the USA has used the trade across the Caribbean Seas to intensify its military presence in the Caribbean and Latin America. Recent military maneuvres by US helicopter gunships in Bolivia was only the tip of the massive police, military, naval, and coast guard operations in the Caribbean in the era of revolution and democratic openings. The Federal Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) of the US administration took the issue of narcotics transhipment in the Caribbean to carry out large scale 'interdiction' exercises, which were in fact US military intelligence operations. The DEA was integrated with the Central Intelligence Agency, Interpol, the El Paso Intelligence Agency, the US Coast Guard, the US Navy and the Federal Aviation Administration. In the context of the interdiction of the cocaine traffic, the US Naval and military presence increased the militarisation of the Caribbean the extensive operations of narcotic agents, drug traffickers and US naval operations brought the Caribbean Sea back to the era of piracy in the region. Similar to the era of primitive accumulation when the island societies were backyards for the illicit operations of the international capitalist system, now the mini-states are cluttered with off-shore banks where normal banking regulatory practices are not present. It is through these banks that the profits from cocaine are laundered. At the same time all sectors of the Caribbean society have been affected by the cocaine trade. It is not uncommon to hear of Prime Ministers being arrested in Miami on charges of trafficking in cocaine”.The statement that Horace Cambell made about Prime ministers and in many cases members of their family being arrested for Cocaine trafficking is indeed valid as I will prove here. The Daily Herald reported on Monday, September 23, 2013: Dutch newspaper suggests US gunning for Bouterse. Dutch Newspaper:  NRC Handelsblad. The liberal newspaper reported that it had received transcripts, of phone conversations between Bouterse and convicted Guyanese drug kingpin Roger Khan and that the two were part of an extensive criminal network. Desi Bouterse the Surinamese President is the father of Dino Bouterse who was arrested in Panama on the 29^th of August 2013 then turned over to US authorities who are charging him with conspiracy to import Cocaine into the United States. Dino Bouterse and his father Desi Bouterse are both named by US intelligence sources as being linked as part of a drug network to Roger Khan.Khan who was arrested on June 2006 in Paramaribo (capital of Suriname), was considered Guyana’s most powerful drug kingpin. Khan was arrested in a sting operation that netted 213 kilo’s of cocaine. He was also wanted in his native Guyana for questioning in the theft of 33 AK-47 rifles from the Guyana Defense Force.According to US diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks, “there were social and operational links”, between Khan and Bouterse. Derek Maltz a DEA special agent said: “Dino Bouterse is a significant drug trafficker, who is in possession of dangerous weapons. Bouterse has a history of drugs and weapons trafficking having been convicted of similar crimes in Suriname in 2005. Thanks to our vast network of agents and informants around the world, DEA and our partners disrupted this drug trafficking conspiracy and he will now face “justice” in the United States”.To date Dino Bouterse has been slapped with a new charge of terrorism, on Friday 8^th 2013, in New York DA Preet Bharara read the charges against Bouterse: “Today we add a new charge of attempting to support Hezbollah, to Dino Bouterse’s alledged connection to a cocaine-smuggling conspiracy”. The indictment, though a fabrication of the US intelligence apparatus is telling, I indicated since 2003 that there is a Hezbollah presence in the region particularly in Curacoa and Aruba. The actual terrorist threat in the Caribbean is not from the Middle East, the terror threat comes from within the region. As I have shown in this book, the presence of terrorist groups that are indigenous to the Caribbean are a real and present danger. The tendency of radical political and pseudo-religious groups in the Caribbean to display “terrorist” characteristics is a trait that I have examined exhaustively in this book. Some narco gangs in the region can be called “terrorists”, since they display all the traits and characteristics of a terrorist organization. Dino Bouterse is a potential facilitator of terrorism, given his history and connections in the Surinamese government and the criminal underworld regionally. The US intelligence is on point in targeting person’s like Dino Bouterse regionally, as it is only someone like Bouterse who can truly bring the varying groups together that are essential in building an effective terror network regionally. The evidence thus far examined has shown a pattern of American disruption in the Caribbean and their creation of drug gangs that become even too unwieldly for the Americans to control. The potential for a narco gang challenging a small state in the Caribbean was on display in Jamaica when Christopher “Dudus” Coke was attempting to evade capture from the Jamaican authorities. Coke the “Tivoli Don” was being protected by his political patron Bruce Golding who initially stalled the capture and extradition process of a known drug kingpin Christopher Coke. Golding hired the services of law firm Mannett and Phelps to begin a “process of lobbying” the US government on behalf of the JLP to the benefit of Dudus. Golding claimed that his protection of Coke was a matter of Jamaican national security. The Tivoli neighborhood long a Shower Possee stronghold and JLP garrison community was Golding’s constituency. When Lester Coke held sway in Tivoli Edward Seaga the American born CIA “stooge” in the Jamaican government was his patron in the same way Bruce Golding another JLP politician was Dudus’ patron. (see:  Initially formed in the 1970s, the Shower Posse—so-named because it rained bullets on rival gangs—developed links  in the United States during the 1980s as it became involved in the drug trade. Christopher Coke’s father, Lester Coke, led the gang in the 1980s, and reportedly was deeply involved in drug and weapons trafficking. Lester Coke was indicted by a U.S. Federal Court in 1988, and was killed in a prison fire in 1992 while he was awaiting extradition to the United States. See Jennifer Lebovich and Trenton Daniel “Jamaican drug king’s father found fertile ground in Miami;” Miami Herald, June 1, 2010.  2 U.S.A. v. Christopher Michael Coke, S15 07 Cr. 971 (Southern District Court of New York 2009).

“After a tumultuous nine months of speculation concerning political complicity in the protection of criminals, the secret hiring by the ruling political party of a US law firm to lobby US officials regarding the extradition request, and the subsequent vociferous demands by the nation for the resignation of the prime minister, the Jamaican government acquiesced (Spaulding, 2010).

 In May 2010, Jamaican security forces launched an attack on Tivoli Gardens, the inner-city community in Kingston, the capital, where Coke resides, in an attempt to find and capture him.The bloody incursion saw state forces battling criminals with high-powered weapons, the entire city of Kingston grinding to a halt for much of a seemingly endless week, and inner-city residents threatening to lay their lives down for Coke. When it was over, more than 70 civilians lay dead, at least one police station was burnt to the ground, and control of Tivoli Gardens, for the first time in many years, was transferred from crime lords back to the state (Jamaica Gleaner, 2010). Security forces, incidentally, would not find Coke until weeks later. In addition to causing the loss of civilian life, the violent confrontation also claimed the lives of members of the security forces”.

I think the reader has more than enough credible evidence from reliable sources to see that the narco cartels in the Caribbean are powerful enough to wage successful terror campaigns against regional governments. The past saw some Marxist influenced criminal and lumpen elements specifically in Jamaica and Dominica who described themselves as “dreads” attacking tourist’s and killing them. In 2013 should terrorist’s in the Caribbean decide to target tourist’s in a terror attack, governments, law enforcement and the judiciary regionally are totally unprepared for such an eventuality. I will explore in the following, aspects of the Grenada revolution, and the coup by the Jamaat Al Muslimeen terrorist organization in Trinidad. So called “conspiracy theories”, are now conspiracy fact in the internet age as WikiLeaks has shown time and again. The acts of terrorism perpetuated on the citizens of other countries by the US CIA and other government agencies are well documented. I will make mention here of the Cubana bombing a CIA sponsored terrorist attack that was known to the CIA, where at least one of the terrorist’s was a CIA asset. Some of the perpatrators lived in the US after the attack as free men, with one of them receiving a presidential pardon from George H.W. Bush. 

Cubana de Aviación flight 455 was the Cuban airliner flight on October 6, 1976 from Barbados to Jamaica that was brought down by a CIA sponsored terrorist attack, killing all 78 passengers onboard the Douglas DC-8 aircraft. Two C-4 (dynamite) timebombs were used in the attack. The evidence pointed to several anti-Castro exiled Cuban terrorist’s with links to the CIA and Venezuelan secret police (DISIP). CIA documents released in 2005 confirmed that the US had “concrete advance intelligence”, of the attack. The four men arrested in the attack were Freddy Lugo, Hernan Ricardo Lozano, and both received twenty year prison terms. Orlando Bosch was acquitted due to “insufficient evidence”; he lived in Miami till his death in 2011. Louis Posada Carriles escaped prison and fled to the US, where he was held on charges of entering the country illegally, he was released by the US authorities on April 19, 2007. Lugo and Lozano were freed in 1993 and still live in Venezuela. As promised I have shown from evidence that the US has been a sponsor of terrorism and terrorist organizations (State sponsored terrorism). The CIA was and still is an organization that trafficks in narcotics and destabilizes entire countries and regions, as the case of Jamaica and the entire Caribbean have shown examining CIA documents and statements by former CIA employees. Having established the terrorist aspect of the CIA, I will examine the New Jewel Movement and Maurice Bishop. The government of Maurice bishop ended the four decades of suppression of the Rastafari movement in Grenada.Below from left to right, Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua, Maurice Bishop, Fidel Castro. Bottom right Bishop and his men including Bernard Coard second from left. On March 13^th 1979 The New Jewel Movement toppled the Eric Gairy (Gairy was a balmy UFO buff, and a believer in Obeah), government, known for its clientelism and thuggery (the Mongoose Gang), by force of arms (Operation Apple), suspended the Constitution and Maurice Rupert Bishop declared himself Prime Minister. Bishop’s Marxist Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, Nicaragua and most Communist regimes. The Point Salines Airport that was being built by the Bishop government was used as a pretext by Ronald Reagan as the basis for the invasion of Grenada. The airport was being built with the help of Britain, Algeria, Libya and other nations, it was underwritten by the British government, designed by Canadians and partly built by a British firm. The US government accused the government of Grenada of building the airport to aid a Soviet-Cuba military build-up in the region. Ron Dellums a member of the United States House of Representatives travelled to Grenada in 1983 on a fact finding mission,  he said the following concerning what he found in Grenada: “Based on my personal observations, discussion and analysis of the new international airport under construction in Grenada, it is my conclusion that this project is specifically now and has always been for the purpose of economic development and is not for military use. It is my thought that it is absurd, patronizing and totally unwarranted for the United States Government to charge that this airport poses a military threat to the United States’ national security”. The British government was opposed to any American intervention in Grenada Marharet Thatcher said of the invasion: “This action will be seen as intervention by a Western country in the internal affairs of a small independent nation, however unattractive its regime. I ask you to consider this in the context of our wider East/West relations and of the fact that we will be having in the next few days to present to our Parliament and people the sitting of Cruise missiles in this country. I must ask you to think most carefully about these points. I cannot conceal that I am deeply disturbed by your latest communication. You asked for my advice. I have set it out and hope that even at this late stage you will take it into account before events are irrevocable”. Even as Thatcher voiced her disapproval, in subsequent phone conversations with Ronald Reagan, while he assured her there were no plans to invade Grenada, the invasion was already underway. Moreover only antiquated weapons, with only a few, in working order, were found at the airport site. Ronald Reagan the then president of the United States of America said the following of the invasion: “In 1979 trouble came to Grenada Maurice Bishop, a protégé of Castro overthrew the government which had been elected under the constitution left to the people by the British. He sought the help of Cuba in building an airport which he claimed was for tourist trade, but which looked suspiciously suitable for military aircraft, including Soviet-built long range bombers”;(excerpted from the Ronald Reagan address to the nation October 27, 1983). Reagan above at right being apprised, of the Grenada situation, he made his famous statement about the Grenada invasion in lieu of eating breakfast above: “It didn’t disturb my breakfast”. The Grenada invasion codenamed Operation Urgent Fury was shoddy ‘theatre”, staged by a B movie actor, in his greatest role, as president of the United States of America. I will examine some of the outright lies and forms of propaganda including, Psyops that the US engaged in, as a means of presenting the events in Grenada, to the Caribbean peoples and the world. Some of the fabrications were as follows:

·        That the 800 medical students were in immediate danger.500 parents called Reagan imploring not to partake in any aggression. 90% of the medical students said they were never in any danger and didn’t want to be evacuated. Visiting US diplomats from Barbados found no danger.

·         That Grenadian officials and the OECS, invited the US to invade Grenada, the so called invitation from Grenadaian officials was made after the actual invasion was already in progress.

The direct lie that the Cubans were engaged in a military buildup in Grenada, which posed a direct threat to the United States. The Cubans that were present at the airport numbering several hundred were mainly construction workers.

The Bishop government barely lasted four years, as his shaky base began to topple in 1983. Bernard Courd, Bishop’s Deputy Prime Minister gave orders to have Bishop arrested on October 14^th 1983. Island wide demonstrations resulted in the freeing of Bishop, who was recaptured and summarily executed along with several of his Cabinet members.

·        On October 19^th 1983 general Hudson Austin took control of the country in another military coup. In a joint military operation code named UrgentFury; US and Caribbean forces invaded Grenada on the 25^th of October 1983. 

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“A secret conference held on Martinique, in February 1972 possibly delayed to 31 March - 3 April 1972, which Bishop helped organize. The conference was to set up a ‘new Caribbean society’ based on socialist principles. Its members discussed and strategized actions for liberation movements”. From the above it becomes clear that Bishop meant to attempt a wider Caribbean revolution, exactly how he and others meant to achieve their objective, was never realized. Truthfully the Bishop regime courted disaster from the outset. After the Maurice Bishop period and the Walter Rodney period in the Caribbean, a deliberate effort to depoliticize the entire region was mounted [and indeed is still in force]. The United States in particular through their popular culture i.e. music,fashion,television/movies ,the Hollywood entertainment industry,literature and food has launched a campaign of the dumbing down of North America which unfortunately includes the “backyard of America”, the Caribbean. The adverse actions of the US government towards the nation states regionally as stated previously has created a void that is being filled by messianic leaders in the past and presently. The radical Islamist cleric Faisal who was deported from England, to his native Jamaica is an example of such. The rise of radical Islam in the region, long ignored is evident regionally it is only a matter of time before bolder strikes, than the coup in Trinidad, by the Jamaat al Muslimeen is attempted elsewhere. The preceding is only an example of the globalist agenda at play. America as an instrument of Globalism is being used to create the atmosphere that will justify the militarization of the region. Caricom is an instrument of globalization. The inevitability of the Caribbean nation states merging in order to protect their sovereignty, will whether by design, or not, enable the region to be governed, according to the needs and dictates of the 21^st century reality, which is the implementation of the globalist agenda that will lead to the fulfilment of bible prophecy in the raising up of a “one world government”.

 The Mental Hospital Bombing:

One of the most controversial aspects of the Grenada invasion was the bombing of the 180 bed mental hospital. The attack on the mental hospital was made by an A-7 Corsair light attack aircraft, with a 500-pound bomb. The official US estimate of the dead was 21, according to journalists however who first discovered the destruction, the figure was 50 dead. The US official did not publicly acknowledge the death of the mental patients, till after a Canadian journalist visited the site and made the bombing and the deaths public. The US officials claimed that the mental patients were armed, the Grenada invasion was a careful exercise in official misinformation and media control.Undertaken in the name of US national security and regional stability, the initial motive of the invasion was, as former Secretary of State Alexander Haig admitted, geo-political. Its function was primarily to demonstrate US military control of the Caribbean region, by inacting the Reagan Doctrine, which proposed rolling back Communism by military means. 

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“Forward ever backward never” is a popular slogan often invoked by Bishop. Bishop famously said in a speech: “We are not in anybodys backyard and we are definitely not for sale. Anybody who thinks they can bully us or threaten us clearly has no understanding, idea or clue as to what material we are made of. They clearly have no idea of the tremendous struggles which our peoples have fought over the past seven years. Though small and poor, we are proud and determined. We would sooner give up our lives before we compromise, sell out or betray our sovereignty, our independence our integrity, our manhood, and the right of our people to national self determination and social progress”.   That speech outlined some of the ideology contained in Bishops book: “In nobody’s Backyard”. The New Jewel Movement was a popular government, supported by a majority of Grenadians, who saw a vast improvement in their social and financial situation in Grenada. While Caribbean nations suffered from worldwide recession, Grenada achieved a 9% cumulative growth rate. Unemployment dropped from 49% to 14%. The government diversified agriculture, developed cooperatives and created anagri-industrial base that led to a reduction of the percentage of food and total imports from over 40% to 28% at a time when global market prices were collapsing. The literacy rate already high went from 85% to 98%, comparable to or higher than most industrialized nations. A free health care and secondary education system was established, the number of secondary schools tripled in number. Many Grenadians received international scholarships. Other gains made under the PRG were the following:

Housing: The PRG introduced low cost housing for the poor and a systemof home improvement grants and loans that, benefitted an estimated 1600 families.

Health: Free medical and dental treatment was introduced for the first, in Grenada by the PRG. A medical center was established in each of the islands six parishes during the four years of the “revolution”.

Education: the PRG introduced free primary and secondary education, offering free uniforms and textbooks to children from poor families. In 1978 three Grenadians were studying abroad on scholarships; in 1983, the number had risen to 330, 50% of them were educated in Cuba and the others were educated in Eastern Europe. Education accounted for 22% of the 1982-1983 budget.

Employment: The PRG created thousands of jobs in an expanded security force and in infrastructural work. Unemployment dropped from 49% in 1979 to 14% in 1983, largely due to state schemes.

Women: a separate womens ministry was formed it introduced paid maternity leave , pre school and day care centers, and successfully campaigned for an end to discrimination in pay and work conditions for women in relation to their male counterparts. Women benifitted, particularly from the literacy and adult education campaign, organized by the Center for Popular Education. The institutionslized sexual exploitation of the Gairy regime was effectively eliminated by the PRG.

Participation: the PRG involved thousands of people in decision-making through mass organisations, through trade unions and zonal councils. Bodies such as the National Youth Organization and the National Womens Organization had 6500 and 7000 members respectively at the peak of their influence. The many gains made by the average Grenadian were rolled back with the implementation of the US foreign policy agenda in Grenada. That the Grenadian government under Maurice Bishop was a popular government is unmistakable, the airport in Point Salinas is called, the Maurice Bishop International Airport, showing the honour in which Bishop is still held by his people. The symbolism embodied in the government of the NJM was and still is an example lauded throughout the region, not for its Marxist leanings but for the fact that a small island nation, defied the belligerent blunderers in the US government and established their “own” government according to their own dictates and not the dictates of a foreign power, intent on imposing its will on the world.

A feature of the American regime in Grenada was their PSYOPS:( Psychological Operations) team. The psychological and ideological war, “the hearts and minds” war, fought by the US in post invasion Grenada unearthed the attitude of those in the Reagan regime and their various institutions that they employed in recreating Grenada in their image. Deployed from Fort Bragg the PSYOPS staff were determined to eradicate all the gains made during the reign of the PRG.

Psyops took over Radio Free Grenadas frequency, the station itself had been bombed, and set Spice Island Radio, transmitting a smorgasbord of Rock Music and propaganda.  Posters and bulletins boards were placed island wide, depicting Hudson Austin , Bernard Coard semi naked and blindfolded under the heading: “These criminals attempted to sell Grenada out to the Communist’s”. Some of the wealth of factual information in this section of the book was gleaned from James Ferguson’s Grenada: Revolution in Reverse. Ferguson is a researcher at the Latin American Bureau and the author of  “Far from Paradise: An Introduction to Caribbean Development” (LAB 1990) and Papa Doc Baby Doc: Haiti and The Duvaliers(Basil Blackwell,1998). The “hearts and minds war”, was lost on Grenada since Maurice Bishop was an extremely intelligent, charismatic, highly educated Caribbean gentleman who was well loved in Grenada and throughout the region. Vijay Tiwathia in his; “The Grenada War:Anatomy of a Low Intensity Conflict”, headlined a revealing piece as the following: “PSYOPS Problem the Bishop Factor”. In it he detailed the American response to the continuing populist image of Bishop amongst his people and indeed the Caribbean and the international community. The following is taken from Tiwathia’s book pp.145-6: “the trickiest problem the US hearts and minds’ battle faced and still faces is the one on account of Grenadian memory. Maurice Bishop the principal target of the US invasion pre-invasion Psyops effort, had as a result of the invasion and his assassination became a hero and a martyr. His memory became an ideological stumbling block in US attempts to consolidate their position. The attempts of the post invasion regime to block his popular economic measures such as free education and free school milk endeared him further.The US PSYOPS people were however , quick to recognize the danger , and they wisely altered stance. A revisionist view of the Castroite Bishop was widely voiced. Colonel Jim Ashworth, the head of the PSYOPS operation in Grenada, went to the extent of describing Maurice Bishop, the ex-PM as a very charismatic figure whose death was very tragic. By December 1983 polls showed on balance that over 50 percent of Grenada’s  youth thought that the PRG was good for Grenada. By March 1984 Bishops supporters were emboldened enough to launch a party named after him”.On the economic front the American Union of Free Labor Development (AIFLD), was busy within the unions on Greneda , AIFLD is widely seen as one of the more politically active agents of US regional policy. Jenny Pearce wrote in her book concerning the AIFLD and its destabilizing regional effect in the following:“ AID has also played an important role in subverting popular organizations in order to moderate their demands and effectiveness. This has mostly been done in close collaboration with AIFLD, another institution set up in 1981 by the American trade union confederation, the AFL-CIO, made up of business,labor and government representatives and chaired by that ubiquitous committee figure, J.Peter Grace and Co.  AID and AIFLD both closely linked to the CIA and have often been used as vehicles for its clandestine operations. AIFLD has been very active in Central America and the Caribbean, attempting to coopt and subvert the labor movement in the region. In Guyana in the early 1960’s, while it was still aBritih colony, AIFLD participated in a coup against the government of Cheddi Jagan. The USAID report of 1985 merely confirmed what Maurice Bishop had claimed and the US had denied for years: that AIFLD, had been covertly operative in Grenada and the wider Caribbean. Here I will give a list of US agencies in Grenada and the Caribbean:

US Government Agencies

USAID: US Agency for International Development. Administers US government foreign assistance programs, ranging from road-building to cash injections for friendly governments.

AIFLD: American Institurte for free Labor development. Largely USAID funded body which sets up trains and funds labor organiosations which support private sector led development.

OPIC: Overseas Private Investment Corporation. Insures US private companies against foreign investment risks in particular countries and otherwise encourages private investment under pro-US governments.

CBIC: Caribbean Basin Information Center. Attached to US Department of Commerce. Encourages US business to invest and trade with the region under the terms of the Caribbean Basin Initiative.

US Government -funded Agencies:

NED: National Endowment for Democracy. Set up by President Reagan in 1983 with a US$ 18m grant for its first year. Supposedly non-government, yet 100% government funded. Funds pro-US trade union organizations, media and research institutes.

IESC: International Executive Service Corps. Set up by USAID to provide technical advice to local businesses in the Caribbean from retired US executives.

US Non Governmental and Private Sector Agencies

Project Hope: Approximately 50% USAID-funded right wing aid agency specializing in health care. Controversialtrack record in Vietnam and Central America.

CCAA: Caribbean Central American Action. Funded by US corporation and individuals. Founded in 1980 to encourage US trade with the region and build links between regional and Us private sectors. Works closely with USAID.

USAID-Funded Caribbean Agencies

CFEC: Caribbean Financial Services Corporation. Regional investment credit agency.

CAIC: Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce. Builds up chambers of commerce and manufacturers’ associations’ associations throughout the region. USAID funded and CCAA dominated.

USAID-Funded Grenadian Organisations

NDF: National Development Foundation. Assists small entrepreneurs with technical assistance and financing.

IDC: Industrial Development Corporation. Set up in 1985 to encourage foreign investment.

On the face of it there seems to be only noble and grand intentions, by those organizing and establishing the previous entities mentioned. In practice though, the enacted policies reflect a subversive, monopolization of the natural resources of sovereign states, and an eroding of public confidence in their elected officials. I have shown factual evidence how the policies of organizations like NED, has destabilized governments and I will continue to do so throughout this work. Here I will quote Kathy McAgee from her, “Hurricane: IMF, World Bank, USAID in the Caribbean”: “Total AID allocations for social services and basic human needs, including education, health, agricultural research and extension, and community self help added up to less than 7% of AID spending in Grenada. A rural development worker said. “We hear over the radio all the time that the United States is giving us so many thousands of dollars for this project or that. But by the time the experts and bureaucrats take their share, we don’t see any of it”. Even in small business promotions described by AID as a top priority, local enterprise has gotten short shrift. AID allocated $12 million dollars for one project to aid small and medium sized businesses in the Eastern Caribbean. Part of the funds were supposed to be channelled to small and micro enterprises through (NDF’s) established under AID guidance. But according to the director of Grenada’s NDF, AID puts so many conditions on a project that they stifle it. It’s as if the people who work for AID don’t feel we should get anything, and that their job is to block aid. There is a lot of money paid to Americans for consultant fees, but little for local loans”.  The meddling by America in the internal affairs of sovereign nations in the Caribbean and elsewhere , are always characterized , by USAID and its affiliates, destabilizing said nation to the point of dependency on the USA. The best case scenario is the country is plundered by the corporate paymasters of USAID, the worst case scenario is scenes of bloodshed and chaos as are now manifesting across the Middle East. I will show documented evidence of the pre-revolutionary period of USAID being active regionally and in particular Grenada. The most recent manifestation of American “foreign policy”, is the machinations of  USAID in Cuba,

It is as a result of the draconian measures of the US government in the Caribbean and the de-politicizing of the region that a competent leadership vacuum has been created, into that void, the gangs and their Dons have stepped, along with various types of religious fanatics and terrorist’s, the situation does not bode well even for America, since the region is increasingly being used as a staging point to either launch attacks on American soil, or to attack American citizens or interests in the region. Terrorism in the region is well documented the following is a reminder of the terrorist threat regionally, and a visual smorgasbord of some infamous Caribbean terrorist’s.  The following is an article from the Final Call online news: “The US secretly sent young Latinos to Cuba to trigger the political unrest, says a new leaked report. The ‘traveling spies’ working undercover within health and civic programs were put in danger as there was no safety net if they had been caught.

The ‘travelers’ project was launched in Cuba back in October 2009 by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) , best known for overseeing billions of dollars in US humanitarian aid. It was secretly dispatching Venezuelan, Costa Rican and Peruvian young people to the island nation, said an AP investigation. The American authorities hoped that these people would help to provoke a revolution in the country.

Young Latinos often posed as tourists. They traveled across the country and recruited people whom they believed they could turn into political activists.

Another US attempt to spy on the neighboring country was from an HIV-prevention workshop, which is labeled by memos obtained by AP as "the perfect excuse" for the program's political goals.

AP also found some interesting documents revealing how the members of the program were communicating. They used encrypted memory sticks to hide their files and sent encrypted messages.

The ‘travelers’ used innocent content on their laptops so that they wouldn’t be suspected by Cuban authorities.

When they wrote "I have a headache," it meant they suspected they were being monitored by the Cuban government. "Your sister is ill" meant they wanted to cut their trip short.

"We worked it so that the government here didn't know we were traveling to Cuba and helping these groups," Yajaira Andrade, a former administrator with a Venezuelan organization, told AP, "because that was when [President Hugo] Chavez was in power, and if he had known about us - that some Venezuelans were working to stir rebellion - we would have been thrown in jail."

However, according to AP investigation, the workers almost failed their task to "identify potential social-change actors." According to one of the Latin American agents, they got a 30-minute seminar on how to evade Cuban intelligence. He added that there was no safety net for inexperienced workers if they were caught by Cuban authorities.

"Although there is never total certainty, trust that the authorities will not try to harm you physically, only frighten you," read a memo obtained by the AP. "Remember that the Cuban government prefers to avoid negative media reports abroad, so a beaten foreigner is not convenient for them."

The ‘spying’ program went on even after the scandalous arrest of Alan Gross, a US international development professional. He was arrested while in Cuba working as a US government subcontractor for USAID in December 2009 and is now serving his 15-year term in one of Cuban prisons.

"We value your safety," one senior USAID official said in an email.

"The guidance applies to ALL travelers to the island, not just American citizens," another official said.

According to AP files, one contractor commented on the arrest of Alan Gross.

"They arrested a contractor from another agency. That could be dangerous," one Skype message cited by AP read. "Thank God he's not one of ours."

In the meantime, AP wrote several questions to UNAIDS to clear the situation with ‘Cuban spying’.

While Creative Associates declined to comment, USAID said that the US bodies helped the Cuban people “to determine their future.”

“USAID and the Obama administration are committed to supporting the Cuban people's desire to freely determine their own future," the agency told AP. "USAID works with independent youth groups in Cuba on community service projects, public health, the arts and other opportunities to engage publicly, consistent with democracy programs worldwide."

Another HIV workshop program had a dual purpose, added USAID.

It "enabled support for Cuban civil society while providing a secondary benefit of addressing the desire Cubans expressed for information and training about HIV prevention," it told AP.

US intelligence also didn’t bother to pay much money to the spies who worked in such conditions. According to AP obtained data, a dozen of Latin Americans were paid less than $5.41 an hour.

The data shows that USAIDS’s contractor Creative Associates International even used the relatives of the young spies to carry cash for them. However, the families of the contractors were not aware that the funds were from the US authorities.

The revelations about US spying program come after another scandal: ‘Cuban Twitter’, the messaging program launched by the US in Cuba which was intended to undermine the country's government. Both Cuban Twitter and the travellers program were funded by USAID.

The Cuban Twitter scandal broke on April 3 this year, when AP revealed documents saying that the US engineered a text messaging network in Cuba to try and spread unrest in the communist country. More than 40,000 people, unaware that the network was created by the US government, were sharing news and opinions using the service.

The initial plan was to gain users by allowing access to light news stories, such as baseball bulletins, music and weather updates. However, once a critical number of subscribers were reached, operators would introduce political stories aimed at tarnishing the reputation of the Cuban government, with the aim of creating a ‘Cuban Spring”. Alan Gross mentioned previously, as most of the world is well aware of by now, was freed by the Cubans after extensive negotiations between the Vatican (pope Francis wrote letters to the Cuban government pleading for his release). What the corporate media has not and will not, indicate is Allen Gross’s criminal act’s perpetrated in Cuba, as a “sub-contractor”, under the auspices of USAID. Gross was attempting to foment, the overthrow of a foreign government on its own soil, in any country that’s grounds enough for a long prison sentence or even the death penalty. As I have shown the gang culture is a culture created and nurtured, by a glutton driven ‘hyper capitalist”, system coming from an imperialist Anglo North American culture, the gang, coke and gangst-rap cultures are all creations of and inimical , characteristics, of American corporatist-hyper capitalist agenda’s. The Anglo-capitalist hybrid cultures foisted on the Caribbean are deadly in their application as was proven throughout this essay. All Caribbean wannabee “gangsta’s”, are conditioned “useless eaters” and “useful”  idiot’s, who are steadily being “Islamized” and “anti-Christianized”, it is out of this pool of social and economic lumpens that the Sunni Salafist’s in our midst will wreak havoc in this region. The presence enmasse of “tourist’s”, particularly from North America are all “legitimate”, targets in the eyes of the Sunni jihadi’s in the Caribbean. The Dutch Marines and their bases are all legitimate targets, as Holland is a coalition partner and a NATO member, likewise France; all of these targets are here in our islands endangering our lives and those of our families. Independence is the only way forward as a means of charting a course out of this US and EU created quagmire.